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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is a condition resulting in symptoms of inability to maintain attention, impulsive behaviors and/or motor restlessness. The prevalence of AD/HD in adults is thought to be around 4.4% (see Kessler, et al-Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62:593-602)
AD/HD is a neurobiological disorder resulting from problems in the dopamine neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Most cases are genetically inherited. If a parent or close relative has AD/HD there is a 30% chance that a child will have AD/HD. Twin studies show that if an identical twin has AD/HD, there is a 50% chance the other twin will have it also. AD/HD is not caused by poor nutrition, ineffective parenting, drugs, or allergies. Other medical conditions may cause AD/HD-like symptoms (such as severe head trauma, thyroid problems, fetal alcohol syndrome and lead intoxication), however, and for this reason a professional evaluation should be obtained to rule out other medical conditions.
When the brain isn't getting adequate neurochemicals, it tries to find ways to increase their release. Movement, physical activity, focusing on things that are stimulating in themselves, or doing things which cause stimulation are three common ways that people with AD/HD stimulate their brains.
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